The Devil has his Christs Essay Example For Students

The Devil has his Christs Essay Krishina, which is actually Sanskrit for Dark God, predated Jesus the Christ in the works of two Greek historians, Arrian and Strabo (Daleiden 105). Then there is Buddha, who predates Jesus by more than five centuries (Daleiden 105). There are many other religions, cults and superstitions after Jesus walked among chosen sinners. If so why has Christianity become such a big issue over the years in moral and political aspects in the world? Is God a woman or an African American? Should prayers and crucifixes be allowed in public elementary schools? Do Aliens follow God? There are hundreds of questions that could be asked from everyday life to futuristic premonitions. The question that really needs to be clarified is, Should we believe in a God whose nonexistence can be proven?If you are to say, as theologians do, that God is good, you must then say that right and wrong have some meaning which is independent of Gods fiat, because Gods fiat are good and bad independently of the mere fact that he made them. If you are going to say that, you will then have to say that it is not only through God that right and wrong came into being, but that they are in their essence logically anterior to God (Russell 19). We will write a custom essay on The Devil has his Christs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Seeing is believing. To this old saying one could argue that human emotions such as love, fear, and joy are vaguely visible but still do exist. These emotions are acknowledged by senses other than vision. The only evidence of the existence of God is through blind faith. William K. Clifford, in his famous essay The Ethics of Belief, argued that it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything on insufficient evidence (Martin 19). Clifford maintains that believing on insufficient evidence has a variety of harmful consequences; it corrupts our character, undermines public confidence, leads to irresponsible action, and fosters self-deception (Martin 19). Then why do people rely on a God that is more of a make-believe character?The many really religious and do not regard religion simply as moral values but use religious discourse seriously to make distinctively religious claims they commit themselves to what believers take to be a certain general view about the ultimat e basis of the universe. This could backed up by the very use of certain religious utterances: (1) God is my Creator to whom everything is owed, and (2) God is the God of mercy of whose forgiveness I stand in need (Nielsen 77). On the other hand, the many other churchgoers seek some different kind of redemption; Socialization of a certain stability symbolizing clique or in seek of a false comfort from some sort of grief, sorrow, and pain. Whatever the reason for the reliance of God, God cannot give us comfort or be the ultimate answers to this imperfect world. By definition, Gods love is the essence of perfect love. It is pretty easy to prove something false on the basis of being perfect, for humans created the concept. So trying to be perfect in all or many ways has only made God into an omni-incompetent God. J. L. Schellenberg, in his book titled Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason, makes a summation of the case: (1) If there is a God, he is perfectly loving. (2) If a perfectly loving God exists, reasonable nonbelief does not occur. Some examples of reasonable nonbeliefs are evolution, some animal activists (people who regard animal life just as much as their own) beliefs, and atheism. But (3) Reasonable nonbelief occurs. For that (4) No perfectly loving God exists. Therefore (5) There is no God (83). Why believe in a hypothesis that is proven wrong?People have an inexplicable craving to come up with answers for almost everything in every aspect of life. Limitation of science encouraged people to find other alternatives to answer unexplai nable phenomena or philosophical questions. Once when people thought of sky to be the limit of our world, they believed the heaven to be up in the clouds. We now have video footage of what Mars looks like. There were times when surgery could not be performed on the sick, for incisions with a scalpel to a human body was an act of sacrilege. Christianity hindered the progress of science and medicine. When masks are removed and illusions are dispelled, when people learn to know each other both individually and in groups, they are better served (Marty 6). .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 , .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .postImageUrl , .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 , .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356:hover , .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356:visited , .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356:active { border:0!important; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356:active , .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356 .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4d829e1b9ba91ef1c3a5aef90ea2c356:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sir Rich Arkwright Was Born On December 23, 1732 At Preston In The Cou EssayHow was the fool able to say in his heart what he was unable to conceive?St. Anselm, ProslogionTimes have changed and God is on trial. There was a time when Gods divine presence in our society comforted and protected us from moral corruption. Nowadays, God is no longer welcomed in cafeterias of public schools, The word God is used more in vain than in holy terms. Christianity is no longer a religious monopoly. In 1964, more than two-thirds (and rising) of the people of the world did not share Christian beliefs (Marty 6). Recently, the number of atheists and anti-Christ activists all around the worl d have increased extremely to the extent where they are no longer considered as a minority (Poidevin 107). Still many people in the United States are afraid of giving up on God, for they are afraid that they will lose everything it represents: Immortality, love, and faith (Poidevin 108). It is time to rid of our doubts in ourselves, and reliance to this nonexistent God. It is time for us to believe in ourselves and only in ourselves. The inscriptions written on the back of the one dollar bills, In God We Trust, should read We Stand Alone.BibliographyDaleiden, Joseph L. The Final Superstition. New York: Prometheus Books, 1994Martin, Michael. The Case Against Christianity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991Nielsen, Kai. Philosophy Atheism. New York: Prometheus Books, 1985. Schellenberg, J. L. Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason. New York: Cornell University Press, 1993Marty, Martin E. Varieties of Unbelief. Canada: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1964. Poidevin, Robin Le. Arguing for Atheism. New York: Routledge, 1996.

Strategic management review for SAB Essay Example

Strategic management review for SAB Essay Example Strategic management review for SAB Essay Strategic management review for SAB Essay Essay Topic: Marketing The following strategic review aims at assessing the strategic situation of South African Breweries Group. We will start with an external analysis of the environment in which SAB operates, we will continue with an internal analysis of its resources and capabilities, and then we will outline and appraise the group current strategy. Additionally we will study the companys strategy implementation issues, and we will finish giving some recommendations to SAB. In order to carry out this analysis different analysis tools were used, which are included in the Appendices. In the main body of the report we will only focus on the conclusions we have obtained, hence, if further information about how we got to these findings is required the appendices should be consulted. Different tools were used (Porters five forces, analysis of industrys life cycle, and PEST analysis) in order to assess the environment in which SAB operates. Based on the analysis conducted using Porters five forces (Appendix A) the following was found: the brewing industry in the developed world is not clearly attractive; its performance depends on the ability to consolidate and exploit opportunities in the emerging markets. However, the brewing industry in the emerging markets, where SAB operates, is highly attractive. We have observed good points such as the low level of power within suppliers and buyers, a lack of substitutes, and a relatively low level of rivalry because emerging markets are supplied by small-scaled local brewers offering low quality beer. However, there is a significant threat of new entrants coming from other geographical areas (International breweries). We have also analysed the industry life cycle (Appendix B). We have got to the conclusion that the brewing industry in the developed world is in the maturity stage. It is very important for SAB to be aware of this issue, because it means that the market situation will force breweries based in mature markets to look for new opportunities for growth by entering the emerging markets where SAB operates. In the less developed world and in the emerging economies the brewing industry is still in its growth stage. Growth in beer consumption in these markets is driven by an increase in population and economic prosperity which indicates that SAB can achieve its own growth through the growth in the marketplace. The brewing industry is highly fragmented, and the market is supplied by small breweries offering low quality beer, meaning that rivalry between local breweries and SAB is not intense. SAB has successfully captured market share through acquisitions and joint ventures and differentiated its brand portfolio, by offering a high quality beer. However, entry of international competitors is expected to intensify the competition as well as the fight for market share. With the PEST analysis (Appendix C) we outlined how political, economical, social and technological factors affect the company. The emerging market attractiveness (like other markets) is determined by the following: market potential, which is influenced by the market size, market growth prospects and customer preferences. Market growth is clearly correlated to economic growth and wealth distribution. Additionally, economic growth and wealth distribution influence whether customers seek economy or premium beers. Drinking norms and societal attitudes to alcohol consumption also affect market attractiveness. All the above mentioned issues are analysed in order to gain a better understanding of SABs environment. Regarding competitors we do not think we have enough information to get to any relevant conclusions, however, we know the degree of rivalry is likely to increase (international brewers based in mature markets are moving out of their geographic areas to the emerging markets). In order to assess competition, it is critical that SAB recognises the strategic group to which it belongs which is the international breweries strategic group, seeking consolidation and competing for development opportunities throughout the world. It is very important to do a deeper analysis of the competitive landscape; a good study should include the following steps (Porter, 1998): * Identify competitors current strategy. * Identify their future goals. * Identify their assumptions about the company. * Identify their resources and capabilities. This approach provides valuable information, and helps the company predicting competitors moves. At this point we are going to focus on the importance of the Resource-based strategy. It is based on the assumption that the company achieves its competitive advantages by developing a strategy based on its organisational capabilities and the key success factors of the industry; thus, a key issue for SAB is to identify and develop these capabilities in order to achieve a competitive advantage. It is very important to understand the process of turning resources into capabilities and to identify the core competences; those capabilities fundamental to its performance and strategy, done better than its competitors. Resources are inputs into the production process; a capability is the capacity of a team of resources to perform some task or activity. We have identified some resources and capabilities of SAB in (Appendix D); however, the company should do a deeper analysis. It is important to note here that SABs capabilities are not the result of superior resource endowments; however, the key issue here is the firms ability to leverage its resources. SAB has achieved resource leverage using the following fundamental ways: first, concentrating resources on key strategic goals. SAB focuses attention on a few operational goals in the acquired breweries at any one time, and then it moves to other goals. It first focuses on upgrading quality, then comes improvement to marketing and distribution, afterwards, the improvement of productivity and capacity. Second, SAB has used the resources accumulation method to leverage resources. SAB has borrowed the resources of other breweries through acquisitions, and joint ventures (CREB in China), which gave SAB a smooth and quick penetration into the emerging markets. SAB also used the resource conserving method, through the process of recycling resources. The more often SAB expertise in running breweries was used in different emerging markets, the greater the resource leverage was. To conclude, we think SAB has valuable resources and capabilities so as to achieve and maintain competitive advantage in the emerging markets. Nevertheless, the company must investigate at this point whether these capabilities are transferable to the developed world, where it needs to have a major brand according to many commentators. At this point we will define the nature of the strategy carried out by SAB. We will distinguish between the Corporate, the Business and the Functional level, in order to draw a more accurate picture on this issue. Once the strategy is defined, we will use a strategic tool (Rumelts Test) in order to assess the convenience of the strategy. * Corporate Strategy: SAB has developed a strategy of growth in the emerging economies via acquisitions. Its acquisition policy has been acquiring breweries that would increase SABs market share and at the same time could be improved by exploiting synergies and economies of scale. SAB also follows a related diversification strategy in order to spread risk. In addition to the geographic diversification strategy which tends to increase the companys overall profitability, SAB adopted a business diversification strategy by going into the hotel and entertainment business. * Business strategy. The strategy is to differentiate products on the basis of quality, in order to achieve higher market shares than competitors and enhance profit margins through charging slightly higher prices (see Appendix E, The strategy clock). The strategy also includes adjusting to local needs; SAB kept the local brands of acquired breweries. Moreover, the company realised the regional differences in China and treated each region in which it operates as an independent self-contained market. * Functional strategy. The strategy evolves around growth (through sales increase), and costs reduction (automation and modernisation of breweries and large production runs economies of scale). We have used Rumelts Test to assess if the different strategies are appropriate (see Appendix F). It is evident that all strategies are appropriate. However, this does not necessary mean that they can still work in the future, SAB should be aware of changes in environment, demand, strategies of other competitors, etc. Strategy implementation is an action-oriented, operation-driven activity revolving around managing people, within the organizational structure and its culture. At this stage we will identify the structure of the company and the key aspects of its culture. In the case of SAB, limited information was provided about the type of the organizational structure. However, from the analysis conducted in Appendix E, we can define SABs organizational structure. According to Mintzbergs structure configuration analysis (Appendix E), SAB follows a pattern of a divisionalised organization, adopting a geographically based vertical corporate structure for its international operations. Such a structure allows each of its country units or divisions to operate fairly autonomously from the other areas. The key part in this type of organization is the middle line managers. As a strategy for developing countries this is a definite benefit for SAB because it allows it to maintain expertise in each of its different countries. Moreover, this kind of structure is appropriate in market diversity as it spreads risk and reduces setbacks (e.g. setbacks in Mozambique and Tanzania were offset by the growth in China and Poland); it also allows the company to divest from any market easier than functional (machine) structures. However, it is argued that divisions can be seen as less effective than independent businesses. Organization culture: Divisional cultures: the differences between divisions may be particularly evident in organizations that have grown through acquisition (Exploring corporate strategy, Jerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes, 6th Ed, 2002). Having adopted a growth strategy through acquisition, and being a divisionalized organization, SAB has generated a difference in its geographical as well as in its functional divisions, creating subcultures. However, there is one main dominant culture for the whole group. Handy characterized culture in terms of the relationship between the organization and individuals and also the importance of power and hierarchy (Johnson and Scholes, Exploring corporate strategy, 6th Ed, Prentice Hall). Based on Handys analysis, SABs organizational culture could be the closest to the Task Culture seeking to achieve integration and synergy through acquisition. We will closely identify the characteristics of SABs culture by looking at its cultural web (Johnson 1998) these are: * Stories and myths: no information provided. * Rituals and routines: SAB has a consistent high quality brands and services, meeting customers needs (consistency could be considered as an operational routine). * Control system: no information provided. * Organization structure: SABs management structure is decentralized, reflecting its power structure and its divisionalization. Collaboration is very important. * Power structure: SABs power structure is decentralized. While strategic decisions are kept at the head-quarter, the power is not only based in the hands Graham Mackay the CE, but also delegation of the strategic planning is done at other managerial levels, reflecting SABs growth strategy. Moreover, operations in each country are run autonomously. * Symbols: no information provided. * The paradigm: SAB seems to be working not only to maximize long-term shareholders value like any other multi-national organization, but also seeks to maximize all stakeholder value. Moreover, despite the political, racial and economical problems faced in South Africa, SAB unlike other companies, continued to invest where it had initially started showing its commitment. SAB also respects the values and cultures of the communities in which it operates. Differentiation and high quality beer is on of the main key aspects in SABs paradigm.

The Economic Life of My Community Personal Statement

The Economic Life of My Community - Personal Statement Example The subjects in Terms 1 and 2 have stimulated me to think like a business manager, and now I can see how apparently irrelevant news items can have an economic or business impact. Charles Handy’s book, â€Å"Understanding organizations† introduces concepts key to business management: motivation, role, power and influence, group dynamics, leadership, organizational structure etc. He explains the necessity of thinking in terms of organizational context. Before attending this course though I had seen a lot of organizations like my school, my father’s company etc. But I had never considered how they are structured and organized. This course has trained me to look at organizations analytically, to consider questions like: â€Å"How should a company be structured?†; â€Å"How is authority delegated?†, â€Å"How can staff be motivated?†, â€Å"How salaries are to be decided ?† I am nowhere near to be answering these questions and that’s where I believe my final degree in business management will help. ... My course was just at the right time to benefit from these events. Understanding how an organization works are very important to understand how businesses operate, as I want to start my own business this learning was very crucial for me when I had joined this course. Has the course lived up to my needs? This is something I may not be able to answer but I can certainly mention that what I have learned is what I will surely need in my career. The course has certainly surpassed my expectations. Here are a few things that I have learned about how an organization works. Learning from specific seminars: Roles and interaction – In 1970 Dr. Meredith Belbin, working at Henley Management College defined the concept Team Role as â€Å"A tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way.† He also suggested nine different roles played by team members. I believe my role is that of a resource investigator; while my ambition to be an entrepreneur. Before un derstanding these concepts I had problems working as a group member, due to differing expectations of my role within the group. I believed my role to be that of a networker with outsiders, and a mobilizer of resources. However having studied these concepts and applying them during my foundation course I have improved my ability to work as a team member, and I now ensure to spell out clearly from the start what role I expect to play. Handy’s explanation of Role theory explains the concepts of â€Å"stereotyping† and â€Å"halo effect† which will also help me to work better in team endeavors.  

Systems anlysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Systems anlysis - Essay Example Normally, a point of sale system is based on a personal computer, which encompasses I/O devices and application-specific programs for the specific surroundings in which it will work. Additionally, there are a wide variety of POS systems which are used in different environments. The functionality and processed included with a POS system depends on the nature and functionality of the business. For instance, a point of sale system for a restaurant should contain a list of all menu items which are stored in a database. In addition, this database will be used by the POS system operator to query for information in many ways. In fact, a large number of business organizations and industries use POS terminals that have a point of sale for instance a help desk, comprising lodging, restaurants, museums, and entertainment. In the past few years there have been huge developments in the field of information technology. As the Internet is increasingly used in every walk of life in the same way, poi nt of sale terminals is now supported through the Internet, which provide an excellent support for remote training and operations management, and keeps track of inventory all through geographically-dispersed locations (Rouse, 2011; POSmatic, Inc., 2013). In addition, POS terminals can be applied to physical POS software and hardware comprising however not limited to touchscreen display, electronic cash register systems, barcode scanners, scales, receipt printers and pole displays. As discussed above, POS systems offer a large number of advantages for all the businesses and industries. The uses and applications of POS systems vary from business to business. Different organizations use different POS systems. In fact, at the present POS systems are used in a large number of different organizations and industries varying from hotels, restaurants and hospitality businesses,

Cost and financial management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Cost and financial management - Coursework Example The analysis will be based on the 2012 annual report. The consolidated financial; statements are analyzed through incorporation of the traditional techniques as well as the ratio analysis. The traditional techniques employed include the horizontal, vertical as well as, the trend analysis. Ratios are significant when analyzing the financial statement s of a given company. The ratios are, therefore, analyzed in this report to measure the profitability, liquidity and the solvency of the company. Everything in the report has been thoroughly analyzed and errors minimized to the most professional levels. Apologies are made in case any errors or omissions are identified in the report. The company is fully committed to achieving the best position in the market share in terms of leading the market as well as ensuring customer satisfaction in the delivery of their products and services. Various initiatives have been executed and are still being executed. These initiatives relate to the improve ment of the product with the aim of achieving their set objectives or goals. The good cash performance observed in the past years has rendered the liquidity of the company strong. At the year end of 2012 for instance, the net cash flow was 122.6 million pounds. About WS Atkins The headquarters of WS Atkins is located in Century Way, in the United Kingdom. The Company is an engineering consultancy firm based on the international boundaries. The operations specifications include management technical and engineering services. The services are offered to both the public as well as the private sector clients that are located globally in all economic sectors. They are termed as general contractors. It is a holding company whose significant operations are limited to consultancy in the engineering as well design fields. The company operates in the United Kingdom, in the Middle East, in Europe, Asia Pacific and Energy. Different segments are observed in the five continents. The areas of oper ation in the United Kingdom include designs in environment, water, education defense, aerospace and design of the infrastructure. A lot of operations in North America include management services. The company provides planning of infrastructure, management services in construction, engineering, and consultancy in the environmental field, urban planning, and program management services as well as architecture. The range of the services the company offers in the middle east include design services as well as project management and engineering services in transportation, building and other programs relating to infrastructure. Asia Pacific business provides or offer services relating to engineering, urban planning and design, planning, rail design services and architectural services. The services the company offers in Hong Kong and Energy are very limited. In Hong Kong, the operations lie on urban rail developments, while, in Energy, the services include both engineering and management o f projects services. The records outline that the company owns Poyry Plc since the year 2011. The major competitors of WS Atkins include AMEC Plc, Amey UK Plc and Bechtel Group Inc. the fiscal year that ended 2012 reported revenue amounting to 2735.50 million pounds. According to the 2012 annual report of the company, the year ended 31st March 2012 marked a turnover growth rate of 9 percent to 1,711.1 million pounds. At the end of March, the number of employees is 17,420. The

Assess Leadership Skills In An Organisation Management Essay

Assess Leadership Skills In An Organisation Management Essay There are seven traits through which we can assess the leadership style of an organization A leader should have an integrity, and must be a trust worthy person, so that people can rely on them, and because of this these people need a mentor, who will guide them towards their goals. A leader should be an optimistic person, because people doesnt want to follow a person always thinks negatively and ignore the positive part. A leader should be able to influence the change and should support the change, because if they dont accept the change, they might not grow. A leader should be able to take risks, because if they are not a risk taker, then they are not the leaders. A leader is a person who has clear a understanding of what can be achieved by taking a risk and how it might benefit their follower and prepare them for better tomorrow. A leader should be tenacious, i.e. they should not give up and keep on trying unless they reach their goals. A leader should be able to motivate others, and keep them moving towards the achievement of their desired goals. A leader should be dedicated and committed towards the achievement of their goals.  [1]   REVIEW THE LEADERSHIP IN BA AND TESCO From my observations of Tesco is using participative leadership style and their principal style as a participative leader appeared to be consultative in approach where most decisions were conferred with team members before final decisions were being made by them. As a result, maintaining lines of open communication within Tesco created an environment of warmth, friendliness, trust and emotional support and this communication and developing relationship with followers is considered as an effective leadership However, on the other side BA leadership style was also consultative, but it was not always consultative. There were times where his style did appear to change, and the reason might be lack of self awareness, motivation, empathy and emotional inteligence. These circumstances were mainly apparent when dealing with other leaders (consensus) and members of his team that were perceived to be lacking in motivation (authoritarian). Although, Johnson and Scholes, point out in their book of corporate governance that this approach is relevant to the leaders who has a lot of experience, common sense and emotional intelligence to be effective leader. FUTURE REQUIREMENTS OF LEADERSHIP The 21st century the leaders should be creative and innovative, because new ideas can bring success to the organization, and therefore it should be the mission of every leader should to look for innovative ideas regularly, which is completely new than that of an organization which is currently committed to. These innovative ideas come from having deeper understanding of customers and market, and they go beyond the customers expectations and fulfill their needs. According to Gratton, there are four future requirements of leadership which could be useful for New-Line GenX. Dream Collectively: The future leaders should allow people to work interdependently but it has to be within the companys general framework and identify a work and co-ordinate the major themes for action. Balance the short term with the longer term: The future leaders should build a vision for the future through the engages people and let them understand for the future role Value people: The future leaders should treat people with respect and allow them to put forward their ideas and obtained trust and make sure that their ideas will be valued and they can make a difference Understand of the reality of the organization: The future leaders should build a model of the organization that is of high level trust, inspiration, and commitment; develop an understanding of process of fairness and justice and recognise the workforces perception of consistency, integrity and pride  [2]  . Moreover, future leadership will have to learn an entirely new skills and competency skills. Generate and Sustain trust: Trust is powerful and ingredients of competencies, fairness, caring constancy and authenticity, these all are valuable for the future requirements of leadership and management for New-Line GenX. Intimate allies: The future leaders needs to create respect, dignity and culture improvised. Power of Appreciation: The future leaders needs to appreciation good work done by the employees and this is powerful motivator to take challenge by the employees for the new adventures. What is important: The future leaders should remind people of what is important for the organisation and value to work and collective focused strategy of the company. It is therefore, the above points need to be considered by New-Line GenX for the future requirements of leadership and management. TASK V DEVELOP A PLAN WHICH WOULD SUITABLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN YOUR CHOSEN ENVIRONMENT It is absolute necessary to make team work in order to improve operational procedures and efficiency in the operations of Tesco and BA. Leadership required personal strength to motivate all the employees together. Thus, Tesco and BA have required to an act together in all department such as warehouse, web-design, sales, back-office, company senior management, marketing and other functions etc. Leaders need to motivate and equally inspire all the employees by using equal amounts of extrinsic and intrinsic techniques. In addition, leader needs to make sure that different people can take different amounts of each extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. However, experience is most significant qualities to direct participation in all activities of the organization  [3]  . It is advisable to both companies to be presented the board of management that the four many type of leadership style can be beneficial for them. To be a great leader the author think that you have to have many qualities, the most important of which are charisma, motivation, experience and most of all fantastic communication skills. It is therefore, it has advisable to both the companies consider to focus on New Leadership Theories rather than old traditional theories such as Fielders Contingency and Path-Goal Leadership Theory. Managers need to develop a business by facing the challenges, involve all the employees in decision making process and taking risk if needed. DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL SKILLS First of all there should be the clear understanding of qualities required for an effective leaders, and these qualities are Enthusiasm : A leader should be able to get things done, which they can communicate to other people. Confidence : A leader should believe in themselves, as this can be sensed by other people. Toughness : A leader should be resilient, tenacious, and demanding high standards. Integrity : A leader should have personal wholeness, soundness, and honesty, which can inspire trust. Warmth : A leader should be in personal relationship, caring for people and being considerate. Humility : A leader should be willingness to listen and take the blame; not being arrogant and overbearing. In addition to all of the above quality, a leader should also be motivational, and should also posses high level of emotional intelligence. There are various methods used to develop leadership skill The first thing to do as a leader is to ask for the feedback from their team, on what they think about their leadership style. They should listen carefully to their team members about their work related worries, because it is said that great leaders are great listeners. A leader should take complete responsibility of how they are being heard, and their message to their team should be clearly understood by their team members. The most important part of developing leadership skill is to learn to respect their teams hard work. A leader should lead their team with an integrity. A leader should involve their team members and distribute the task among their team depending on the situation and individual capabilities. Finally a leader should focus on developing their skills, and this will enable them to improve motivation as well as team performance.  [4]   CONCLUSION After researching on this assignment I would like to conclude that leadership plays an important role in the development of an organization. I also found that both the organizations Tesco and British Airways has a great leadership styles, whereby Tesco is using participative leadership style, through which it had created an environment of warmth, friendliness, trust and emotional support under the leadership of Sir Terry Leahy, Chief Executive of Tesco, the company has experienced enormous growth and is one of the largest supermarket in the UK. Whereas on the other side the leadership of British Airways was also consultative, but kept on changing. But finally I would say that both of these organization should keep on developing their skills and acquiring new skills that will enable them to compete in this fast pace of global economic climate. I am also sure that, if the directors of New-Line GenX follow the leadership theory and implement them in their organization, will enable them to have a better future of New-Line GenX.

Sir Thomas More :: essays research papers

I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just think, if you were a woman you would only make seventy five cents an hour when men would make one dollar. This is one of the conflicts that Thomas more fixed or changed for the benefit of all people. Thomas More did many things in his life he wrote a book called Utopia which was about a perfect world where everybody was treated equal, he was a law student, priest, and eventually he was named a saint. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas More was born in London in 1477. His parents were Sir John More, a great lawyer and later judge, and his mother was Agnes Giraunger. He later married Jane Colte in 1504, it was a happy marriage, and they had four children Margaret, Elizabeth, Cecilia, and John; before Janes death in 1511. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was a very educated man. He entered Parliament in 1504, one of his first acts in public life was to speak against one of Henry VII,s financial policies. As a result his father was imprisoned but released after a hefty fine was paid and Thomas retired from public life. Thomas went to school at St. Anthony’s School at Threadneedle St, and entered as a law student at Oxford University. When he was young he was sent to the household of Cardinal Morton, where he learned the blend of political and religious life. IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was a very bright student, enthusiastic about learning but also accustomed to basic pleasures. He loved to play on his flute and violin. Like Most college students More was short of cash so sometimes he would even perform for a crowd of people just to make a little cash. He also loved having pets around the house it is said that his home was a veritable zoo. V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sir Thomas More had many careers, he was an author, a statesman, a scholar, and a priest. He served as lord chancellor, the highest judicial official in England, from 1529 to 1532. He began his legal career in 1494, and became an undersheriff of London in 1510. by 1518 he had entered the service of King Henry VIII as royal councilor and ambassador. He was knighted and made undertreasurer in 1521, and was chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1525 to 1529.

Space Exploration

English Composition II There are many issues that occur within our planet such as the so called upcoming war with North Korea, animal extinction, economy issues, lack of Jobs, etc. That needs attention and a well thought out plan so It can be dealt with. The subject area that I will be discussing Is based on Science, Health and Environmental Issues. The main topic I will be discussing and debating on the issue whether or not should the United States continue to fund space exploration even though we have our own matters to attend on planet Earth.My research project Includes with the supporting point of view, the UN-supporting point of view, ending with my personal opinion towards which is more worldwide beneficial. People Supporting Space Exploration: Based on the National Aeronautics And Space Administration A lot of people believe that the money e use to fund space projects can be used for a more economical relevant cost, such as helping Africa, or helping our own economy. But in fa ct funding space projects does help our economy. Space exploration creates Jobs; It employs engineers, mechanics, astronauts, highly educated scientist and many more. Billions of taxpayer dollars goes to NASA but in reality Nanas budget is less than 1% of the national budget.United States spends about 20 billion dollars on air-conditioning tents In Afghanistan opposed to the 19 billion dollar budget that NASA has. Although NASA Is electing billions a year, that money doesn't go to waste. NASA has designed a new type of technology called vortex combustion, which makes rockets fly further, faster with using less fuel. This design was built by one of Nanas contractors ORBITER. More Information and facts describing the Vortex Combustion RamJet (VICE) can be found in the on this link under NASA. Gob http://sibs. Gaffs. Nonages/Sober/abstracts/98/ sibs/phases/Sober-98-1-07. 4-AAA. HTML. ORBITER took the same design and instead of making it work with a rocket, they put it with a water hose . By doing this ORBITER as created the world's fastest water hose of today. Let's say we find a way to make mars habitable, wouldn't it be great to extend mankind. Space exploration continues to grow and give valuable information that the united States requires to grow. Some of the items we use in today society, such as GAPS system, cellophane, cordless power tool, the padding Inside the football helmet and even clean water Is all thanks to space exploration.A well known Scientist and Internet's favorite astrophysicist, published a book originally named â€Å"Failure to Launch: The dreams and delusion of OFF explains about how the American people mislead themselves into believing misconceptions about space exploration and as a result the purpose and necessities of a space program are now misunderstood. He argues and pleas to give NASA the money it needs in order to stimulate the economy and inspire students to pursue innovative projects.It is essential that space exploration be fun ded by government funds instead of privately funds, because the government has the necessary power and money to make and continue to have a successful discoveries and it ties along tit the military due to classified information being safe guarded from others doesn't have the need to know, rather than being funded private funds with less funds and will lose the advantage of working with the military and vice-versa. Today on earth there are more than 7 billion people and growing, the world is over populated and if we would ever get a chance to move we would.Living on another planet may sound like the science fiction movie Star Wars, but it can be possible. This is why we explore, c(Iroquois is what built the world we have today. People Against Space Exploration: Thousands of people believe that we should be studying our own planet first then move on to others, but who's to say if we shut down space programs we will use the left over money to explore our Saracens, or give the money dir ectly to us people. We have 314,686,189 living in the United States, if we divided Nanas budget to give every person in the United States a share of the money everyone will only get about $60. 7 a year. That doesn't sound very attracting, so chances are we the people will not get any share directly if NASA were to be shut down. There are so many social problems n the world like poverty, unemployment, medical diseases, sanitation, food and safe drinking water, which is yet to be solved. So it is suggested that the people should utilize this amount for eliminating this social problem rather than funding for space exploration. My reason for supporting fund space exploration Based on the statistics on the resourceful website debate. Rag 68% of the people support the funding towards exploring in space and 32% goes against this factor. Human beings by nature are explorers. We enjoy going to new places, discovering new things and seeking out knowledge. If this were not the case we might st ill be thinking the Earth was flat. Exploring space not only fulfills a nature driven quality in humans, it also gives us the knowledge we need for advancement. Whether this knowledge provides us with new sources for energy, how the Universe came to be or the possibility of expanding humankind to new worlds.My opinion for supporting funds for space exploration is that it is a better decision to choose because it has greater impact. When it comes to making a decision of two different perceptions, I tend to think of the big picture. Who is to say we may have meteor hitting earth and e happen to come across a better way to track and avoid another big bang theory on earth by continuing and persuading space exploration or even have already a 2nd planet such as mars ready to have human being living in as the new home.To me, I see that there is more to see than meets the eye, by this I mean that there is no point on discovering our own planet earth if, god forbid, we will meet the end of o ur destruction due to unexplained outer source, that could've been avoided. Support be more accurate and aware of our surrounding in this universe to keep mankind living longer. Reference Has, Fen; Cox, Ken (February 20, 2009). â€Å"Sustainable Space Exploration and Space Development – A Unified Strategic Vision†. Space Exploration English Composition II There are many issues that occur within our planet such as the so called upcoming war with North Korea, animal extinction, economy issues, lack of Jobs, etc. That needs attention and a well thought out plan so It can be dealt with. The subject area that I will be discussing Is based on Science, Health and Environmental Issues. The main topic I will be discussing and debating on the issue whether or not should the United States continue to fund space exploration even though we have our own matters to attend on planet Earth.My research project Includes with the supporting point of view, the UN-supporting point of view, ending with my personal opinion towards which is more worldwide beneficial. People Supporting Space Exploration: Based on the National Aeronautics And Space Administration A lot of people believe that the money e use to fund space projects can be used for a more economical relevant cost, such as helping Africa, or helping our own economy. But in fa ct funding space projects does help our economy. Space exploration creates Jobs; It employs engineers, mechanics, astronauts, highly educated scientist and many more. Billions of taxpayer dollars goes to NASA but in reality Nanas budget is less than 1% of the national budget.United States spends about 20 billion dollars on air-conditioning tents In Afghanistan opposed to the 19 billion dollar budget that NASA has. Although NASA Is electing billions a year, that money doesn't go to waste. NASA has designed a new type of technology called vortex combustion, which makes rockets fly further, faster with using less fuel. This design was built by one of Nanas contractors ORBITER. More Information and facts describing the Vortex Combustion RamJet (VICE) can be found in the on this link under NASA. Gob http://sibs. Gaffs. Nonages/Sober/abstracts/98/ sibs/phases/Sober-98-1-07. 4-AAA. HTML. ORBITER took the same design and instead of making it work with a rocket, they put it with a water hose . By doing this ORBITER as created the world's fastest water hose of today. Let's say we find a way to make mars habitable, wouldn't it be great to extend mankind. Space exploration continues to grow and give valuable information that the united States requires to grow. Some of the items we use in today society, such as GAPS system, cellophane, cordless power tool, the padding Inside the football helmet and even clean water Is all thanks to space exploration.A well known Scientist and Internet's favorite astrophysicist, published a book originally named â€Å"Failure to Launch: The dreams and delusion of OFF explains about how the American people mislead themselves into believing misconceptions about space exploration and as a result the purpose and necessities of a space program are now misunderstood. He argues and pleas to give NASA the money it needs in order to stimulate the economy and inspire students to pursue innovative projects.It is essential that space exploration be fun ded by government funds instead of privately funds, because the government has the necessary power and money to make and continue to have a successful discoveries and it ties along tit the military due to classified information being safe guarded from others doesn't have the need to know, rather than being funded private funds with less funds and will lose the advantage of working with the military and vice-versa. Today on earth there are more than 7 billion people and growing, the world is over populated and if we would ever get a chance to move we would.Living on another planet may sound like the science fiction movie Star Wars, but it can be possible. This is why we explore, c(Iroquois is what built the world we have today. People Against Space Exploration: Thousands of people believe that we should be studying our own planet first then move on to others, but who's to say if we shut down space programs we will use the left over money to explore our Saracens, or give the money dir ectly to us people. We have 314,686,189 living in the United States, if we divided Nanas budget to give every person in the United States a share of the money everyone will only get about $60. 7 a year. That doesn't sound very attracting, so chances are we the people will not get any share directly if NASA were to be shut down. There are so many social problems n the world like poverty, unemployment, medical diseases, sanitation, food and safe drinking water, which is yet to be solved. So it is suggested that the people should utilize this amount for eliminating this social problem rather than funding for space exploration. My reason for supporting fund space exploration Based on the statistics on the resourceful website debate. Rag 68% of the people support the funding towards exploring in space and 32% goes against this factor. Human beings by nature are explorers. We enjoy going to new places, discovering new things and seeking out knowledge. If this were not the case we might st ill be thinking the Earth was flat. Exploring space not only fulfills a nature driven quality in humans, it also gives us the knowledge we need for advancement. Whether this knowledge provides us with new sources for energy, how the Universe came to be or the possibility of expanding humankind to new worlds.My opinion for supporting funds for space exploration is that it is a better decision to choose because it has greater impact. When it comes to making a decision of two different perceptions, I tend to think of the big picture. Who is to say we may have meteor hitting earth and e happen to come across a better way to track and avoid another big bang theory on earth by continuing and persuading space exploration or even have already a 2nd planet such as mars ready to have human being living in as the new home.To me, I see that there is more to see than meets the eye, by this I mean that there is no point on discovering our own planet earth if, god forbid, we will meet the end of o ur destruction due to unexplained outer source, that could've been avoided. Support be more accurate and aware of our surrounding in this universe to keep mankind living longer. Reference Has, Fen; Cox, Ken (February 20, 2009). â€Å"Sustainable Space Exploration and Space Development – A Unified Strategic Vision†.

A Project on Banana Fibre Extraction Essay Example

A Project on Banana Fibre Extraction Essay Example A Project on Banana Fibre Extraction Essay A Project on Banana Fibre Extraction Essay How to make pencils? Background One of the oldest and most widely used writing utensils, the pencil originated in pre-historic times when chalky rocks and charred sticks were used to draw on surfaces as varied as animal hides and cave walls. The Greeks and Romans used flat pieces of lead to draw faint lines on papyrus, but it was not until the late 1400s that the earliest direct ancestor of todays pencil was developed. About one hundred years later graphite, a common mineral occurring as soft, lustrous veins in rocks, was discovered near Borrowdale in northwestern England. The Borrowdale mine supplied Europe with graphite for several hundred years; however, because people could not then differentiate between graphite and lead, they referred to the former as black lead. Cut into rods or strips, graphite was heavily wrapped in twine to provide strength and a comfortable handle. The finished product, called a lead pencil, was quite popular. In the late sixteenth century, a method for gluing strips of wood around graphite was discovered in Germany, and the modern pencil began to take form. In 1779, scientists determined that the material they had previously thought was lead was actually a form of microcrystalline carbon that they named graphite (from the Greek graphein meaning to write). Graphite is one of the three natural forms of pure carbon- the others are coal and diamond. In the late eighteenth century the Borrowdale mine was depleted, and, as graphite was now less plentiful, other materials had to be mixed with it to create pencils. A Frenchman chemist, Nicolas Jacques Conte, discovered that when powdered graphite, powdered clay, and water were mixed, molded, and baked, the finished product wrote as smoothly as pure graphite. Conte also discovered that a harder or softer writing core could be produced by varying the proportion of clay and graphite- the more graphite, the blacker and softer the pencil. In 1839, Lothar von Faber of Germany developed a method of making graphite paste into rods of the same thickness. He later invented a machine to cut and groove the pencil wood. Following the depletion of the nce-abundant graphite source at Borrowdale, other graphite mines were gradually established around the world. A number of these mines were set up in the United States, and the first American pencils were manufactured in 1812, after the War of 1812 ended English imports. William Monroe, a cabinet maker in Concord, Massachusetts, invented a machine that cut and grooved wood slats precisely enough to make pencils. Around that time, American inventor Joseph Dixon developed a method of cutting single cedar cylinders in half, placing the graphite core in one of the halves, and then gluing the two halves back together. In 1861, Eberhard Faber built the United States first pencil-making factory in New York City. Today, the hardness of a pencil is designated by numbers or letters. Most manufacturers use the numbers 1 to 4, with 1 being the softest and making the darkest mark. Number 2 pencils (medium soft) are used for normal writing. Pencils are also sometimes graded by letters, from 6B, the softest, to 9H, the hardest. The idea of attaching an eraser to a pencil is traced to Hyman W. Lipman, an American whose 1858 U. S. atent was bought by Joseph Rechendorfer in 1872 for a reported $100,000. The first step in pencil manufacture involves making the graphite core. One method of doing this is extrusion, in which the graphite mixture is forced through a die opening of the proper size. In addition to the conventional wood pencil, a number of other pencils are widely used. In the early 1880s, the search for a pencil that didnt require sharpening led to the invention of what has variously been termed the automatic, propelling, or repeating pencil. These instruments have a metal or plastic case and use leads similar to those found in wood cased pencils. The lead, lodged in a metal spiral inside the case, is held in place by a rod with a metal stud fastened to it. When the cap is twisted, the rod and stud move downward in the spiral, forcing the lead toward the point. The early twentieth century saw the development of colored pencils in which the graphite core was replaced by a combination of pigments or dyes and a binder. Today, colored pencils are available in more than 70 colors, with 7 different yellows and 12 different blues. However, the cedar-casing lead pencil- manufactured at a pace of 6 billion per year in 40 different countries- continues to outsell all of its competitors, including the ballpoint pen. Raw Materials The most important ingredient in a pencil is the graphite, which most people continue to call lead. Contes method of combining graphite with clay is still used, and wax or other chemicals are sometimes added as well. Virtually all graphite used today is a manufactured mixture of natural graphite and chemicals. The wood used to manufacture pencils must be able to withstand repeated sharpening and cut easily without splintering. Most pencils are made from cedar (specifically, California cedar), the choice wood for many years. Cedar has a pleasant odor, does not warp or lose its shape, and is readily available. Some pencils have erasers, which are held on with a ferrule, a metal case that is either glued or held on with metal prongs. The erasers themselves consist of pumice and rubber. The Manufacturing Process Now that most commercially used graphite is made in factories rather than mined, manufacturers are able to easily control its density. The graphite is mixed with clay according to the type of pencil being made- the more graphite used, the softer the pencil, and the darker its line. For colored pencils, pigments are added to the clay, and virtually no graphite is used. Processing the graphite Two methods are used to form the graphite into its finished state. The first is an extrusion method in which the graphite and wax mixture is forced through a mold to create a spaghetti-like string, which is then cut to precise measurements and dried in ovens. In the second method, the graphite and clay mixture is poured into a machine called a billet press. A plug is placed over the top of the press, and a metal ram ascends from the bottom to squash the mixture into a hard, solid cylinder called a billet. The billet is then removed from the top of the machine and placed into an extrusion press that forces it through a mold, slicing off strips the To make the wood casings for the pencils, square slats are formed, and then grooves are cut into the slats. Next, graphite sticks are inserted into the grooves on one slat, and then a second slat with empty grooves is glued on top of the graphite-filled slot. Correctly sized pencils are cut out of the sandwich, and the eraser and metal ferrule are attached. size of the pencil core. After being cut to size, the cores pass along a conveyor belt and are collected in a trough to await insertion in the pencil wood. Making the wood casings 1. The cedar usually arrives at the factory already dried, stained, and waxed, to prevent warping. Logs are then sawed into narrow strips called slats; these are about 7. 25 inches (18. 4 centimeters) long, . 25 inch (. 635 centimeter) thick, and 2. 5 inches (6. 98 centimeters) wide. The slats are placed into a feeder and dropped, one-by-one, onto a conveyor belt which moves them along at a constant rate. 2. The slats are then planed to give them a flat surface. Next, they pass under a cutter head that makes parallel semicircular grooves- one half as deep as the graphite is thick- along the length of one side of each slat. Continuing along the conveyor belt, half of the slats are coated with a layer of glue, and the cut graphite is laid in the grooves of these slats. 3. The slats without glue- and without graphite in the grooves- are placed on another belt that carries them to a machine that picks them up and turns them over, so they are laying on the belt with the grooves facing down. The two conveyor belts then meet, and each unglued slat is placed over a slat with glue and graphite, forming a sandwich. After the sandwiches have been removed from the conveyor belt, they are placed into a metal clamp and squeezed by a hydraulic press and left clamped together until the glue is dried. When the pencils are dried, the ends are trimmed to remove excess glue. Shaping the pencils The next step is shaping, when the sandwiches actually become pencils. The sandwiches are placed on a conveyor belt and moved through two sets of cutters, one above and one below the belt. The cutters above the sandwiches cut around the top half, while the lower set cuts around the bottom half and separates the finished pencils. The majority of pencils are hexagonal, so designed to keep the pencils from rolling off surfaces; a single sandwich yields six to nine hexagonal pencils. Final steps 1. After the pencils have been cut, their surfaces are smoothed by sanders, and varnish is applied and dried. This is done with varnishing machines, in which the pencils are immersed in a vat of varnish and then passed through a felt disk, which removes the excess varnish. After drying, the pencils are put through the process again and again until the desired color is achieved. Finally, the pencils receive a finishing coat. 2. The pencils once again are sent on a conveyor belt through shaping machines, which remove any excess varnish that has accumulated on the ends of the pencils. This step also ensures that all of the pencils are the same length. 3. Erasers are then attached, held to the pencil by a round, metal case called a ferrule. The ferrule first attaches to the pencil either with glue or with small metal prongs, and then the eraser is inserted and the ferrule clamped around it. In the final step, a heated steel die presses the company logo onto each pencil. Colored pencils Colored pencils are produced in much the same way as black-writing pencils, except that their cores contain col oring materials such as dyes and pigments instead of graphite. First, clay and gum are added to pigment as bonding agents, and then the mixture is soaked in wax to give the pencils smoothness. When the pencils have been formed, the outsides are painted according to the color of the center mixture. Quaility Control Because they travel along a conveyor belt during the manufacturing process, pencils are thoroughly scrutinized before they are distributed to the public. Workers are trained to discard pencils that appear dysfunctional, and a select number are sharpened and tested when the process is complete. A common problem is that the glue of the sandwiches sometimes doesnt adhere, but this nuisance is usually caught when the sandwiches are being cut.

Harriet Osmond Wall Draft AO1 Essay

Harriet Osmond Wall Draft AO1 Essay Harriet Osmond Wall Draft AO1 Essay Table of Contents Demographic factors 2 Single parent families and teenage pregnancies: 3 Services available to meet the needs of pregnant teenagers: 4 Breast feeding matters: 5 SureStart: (picture) 6 Health needs of the population: 6 Child obesity: 7 Change4life: 7 The planning and provision stages: 7 The planning stages: CCG 8 Local Strategic Partnership (LSP) 9 The planning stages: 9 Demographic factors Demographic factors are characteristics assigned to age, sex, education, income, marital status, job, religion, birth rate, death rate, family size, and marriage age. Demographics are used by governments, corporations and non-government organizations to learn more about a populations characteristics. Demography studies and measures populations to see if there are any direct impacts on the planning and delivery of health, social care and early years social care services to meet the needs of service users at a local level. The demographic factors can be; Health needs of the population: the health needs of the population is an important aspect for the local government to know as they need to be able to accommodate for everyone’s needs efficiently. Finding out the health needs of the population helps the government to decide on which areas of health they need to be more focused on. For example, if there is a higher number of obesity in Portsmouth, they will focus on advertising health initiatives (Change4life) to lower the number of obese people. Age of population: knowledge of the age in a population can help health services decide how much health care they need to provide in the area. For example, if there are more elderly people above 70 years of age living in that area then they would need more health care providers and equipment as they are more prone to health issues. Disability: can influence the planning in a population as the area needs to be equipped with the right equipment to attend to all their needs. If there are more disabled people in the area, the government/NHS will have to spend more money on equipping the area with health equipment. Unemployment: the socio-economic status of an area indicates how much health services there needs to be in the area. For example, low income families may have a poor diet due to buying ready meals often so they could get more health issues than people of a higher income. The income of a family has an impact of the diet, housing, exercise, stress levels; these can all increase health needs. Number of single-parent families: 26% of households with children are living in single-parent families and there are 2 million single-parent families in Britain today. There is an increase in demand for childcare services so there will need to be more pre-schools and nurseries in the area to accommodate all the children. The number of older people: the average age of life expectancy has risen to 85 years for men and 89 years for women. Over the last 50 years, the average life span has increased by 10 years for a male and 8 years for a female. The UK has more people over the age of 60 than they do under 16 so there needs to be enough health services to accommodate their needs. Older people have a lot more health implications than younger people, so if a town has a lot of elderly people in there will need to be more health services set up. In 1901, there was less than 2 million people over the age of 65. There are now over 9 million over 65's in Britain today1. Single parent families and teenage pregnancies: A single parent is a parent who is not living with a spouse or partner and is raising the children by themselves. The number of single parents are increasing; In the UK there are 26% of children living with a single parent and there are 2 million single parents in Britain today, less than 2 percent of single parents are teenagers. The median age of a single parent is 38 years old and 49% of single parents are separated from a marriage or widowed2. It can be extremely hard

Sodium chloride is a very important compound. state the propertied of Essay

Sodium chloride is a very important compound. state the propertied of it and discuss the many products made from it - Essay Example Let us consider each of these aspects in a detailed manner. Salt was used even before the pre-historic period. Animals used to get salt from the various sources in nature and primitive man got his requirement of salt from animal meat. When he turned a cultivator, he found that some salt sources (like sea water) gave his vegetables the salty taste that he used to get on meat (as cited in http://www.saltsense.co.uk/history01.htm). Later on he learned how salt helped to preserve meat, cure hides and heal wounds. About 4,700 years ago, the Chinese Png-tzao-kan-mu, one of the earliest known writings recorded more than 40 types of salt (as cited in http://www.saltsense.co.uk/history02.htm). In the British aisles, there have been traces of inland brines from where ancient man made salt. Archaeological evidence is leading to Bronze Age to this age old practice. â€Å"We even know the names of a few of the Roman saltmakers. These are inscribed on some of the lead pans - Viventius, Veluvius and Cunitus. Complete Roman salt pans are in the Salt Museum and at Nantwich Museum. The leaden pans were roughly 90-100cm square by 15cm deep.Roman soldiers were partly paid in salt. It is said to be from this that we get the word soldier - sal dare, meaning to give salt. From the same source we get the word salary, salarium† (as cited in http://www.saltsense.co.uk/history04.htm). â€Å"Salt is widely distributed in nature. It is found in solution in ocean water in concentrations of about 30 g/liter (about 4.08 oz/gallons) of water, meaning that salt makes up about 3 percent of ocean water by weight. The compound is also distributed throughout many rivers and inland lakes and seas, the concentration varying from 0.002 percent in Mississipi River to 12 percent in the  Great Salt Lake. Salt can occur as a surface crust or layer in swamps and dry lake bottoms, especially in extremely arid regions. The mineral  halite, more commonly known as  rock salt  or  massive

Reading with Comprehension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading with Comprehension - Essay Example Learning Difficulties in Reading with comprehension According to Callella (2000), learning difficulties comprise of the inability to make clear connections between the text read and its actual meaning. Readers may be confronted with a number of difficulties in an attempt to understand and comprehend any piece of writing, which they read. Most of the difficulties in learning affect children and hinder their understanding of written texts. It becomes extremely challenging for school going children to understand what they read, when they have difficulties in learning. Some of the learning difficulties in reading with comprehension include challenges in decoding, linguistic comprehension, and poor phonological and semantic skills. Other difficulties may be related to problems with visual word recognition, fluency, and problems with inference making and working memory. These difficulties will now be analyzed on the basis of how they influence reading with comprehension. The lack of proper decoding skills can act as a constraint on reading with comprehension. This may happen when decoding is slow and effortful; in such a case, resources may be dedicated to word level processing. On the other hand, when decoding in the reader is automatic, then the task of comprehension may be possible. Reading comprehension can be compromised when decoding in the reader is poor (Westwood, 2004). Decoding relates to the speed of word reading; children who have poor reading comprehension skills can be slower at reading words than students with excellent reading comprehension skills. The relationship between reading comprehension and efficiency in decoding continues in a person’s lifetime. Poor reading skills and non word reading in early childhood may predict learning difficulties in reading with comprehension in secondary school years and adulthood. Linguistic comprehension can also be a source of poor reading comprehension. The simple model of reading holds that apart from def icits in decoding, poor comprehenders may also have deficits in linguistic comprehension. Readers may have difficulties in understanding the language used in a comprehension (Westwood, 2004). For example, they may not understand the actual meaning of the words used. This learning difficulty presents a challenge to the understanding of written text. In order to make meaning out of written texts, the reader should understand the language used. Thus, difficulties in understanding the actual meaning of words, phrases, and vocabulary used can be regarded as a learning difficulty in reading with comprehension. According to Allington & McGill-Franzen (2000), poor phonological skills also pose significant challenges in reading with comprehension. Phonological skills have a correlation with the development of literacy in children as well as adults. Phonological deficits may usually characterize individuals with poor reading comprehension skills. Comprehension problems on the basis of phonolo gical skills may emanate from the inability to sustain phonological representation of verbal information while reading. Phonological skills play an essential role in determining how the reader represents verbal information when reading. Thus, the inability of children to set up phonological representation leads to difficulties in reading with comprehension. Other difficulties related to phonology entail problems in word recognition.